Deborah Sampson SHOP (HTrPS:IISHOP.WOMENSmIS(O13GQOpJNECLI1II4TE (IDONATE)
Deborah Sampson
(1760-1827)
Edited by Debra Michals, PhD 1 2015
(1)
D
Deborah Sampson SHOP (HTrPS:IISHOP.WOMENSmIS(O13GQOpJNECLI1II4TE (IDONATE)
Deborah Sampson
(1760-1827)
Edited by Debra Michals, PhD 1 2015
(1)
Deborah Sampson became a hero of the American Revolution when she
disguised herself as a man and joined the Patriot forces. She was the only
woman to earn a full military pension for participation in the Revolutionary
army.
Born on December 17, 1760 in Plympton, Massachusetts near Plymouth,
Sampson was one of seven children to Jonathan Sampson Jr. and Deborah
(Bradford) Sampson. Both were descendants of preeminent Pilgrims:
Jonathan of Myles Standish and Priscilla Alden; his wife, the great
granddaughter of Massachusetts Governor William Bradford. Still, the
Sampsons struggled financially and, after Jonathan failed to return from a
sea voyage, his impoverished wife was forced to place her children in
different households. Five years later, at age 10, young Deborah was bound
out as an indentured servant to Deacon Benjamin Thomas, a farmer in
Middleborough with a large family. At age 18, with her indenture completed,
Sampson, who was self-educated, worked as a teacher during summer
sessions in 1779 and 1780 and as a weaver in winter.
In 1782, as the Revolutionary War raged on, the patriotic Sampson disguised
herself as a man named Robert Shurtleff and joined the Fourth
Massachusetts Regiment. At West Point, New York, she was assigned to
Captain George Webb’s Company of Light Infantry. She was given the
dangerous task of scouting neutral territory to assess British buildup of men
and materiel in Manhattan, which General George Washington contemplated
attacking. In June of 1782, Sampson and two sergeants led about 30
infantrymen on an expedition that ended with a confrontation—often one-
on-one—with Tories. She led a raid on a Tory home that resulted in the
capture of 15 men. At the siege of Yorktown she dug trenches, helped storm
a British redoubt, and endured canon fire.
For over two years, Sampson’s true sex had escaped detection despite close
calls. When she received a gash in her forehead from a sword and was shot
in her left thigh, she extracted the pistol ball herself. She was ultimately
discovered—a year and a half into her service—in Philadelphia, when she
became ill during an epidemic, was taken to a hospital, and lost
consciousness.
Receiving an honorable discharge on October 23, 1783, Sampson returned to
Massachusetts. On April 7, 1785 she married Benjamin Gannet from Sharon,
and they had three children, Earl, Mary, and Patience. The story of her life
was written in 1797 by Herman Mann, entitled The Female Review: or,
Memoirs of an American Young Lady. She received a military pension from
the state of Massachusetts. Although Sampson’s life after the army was
mostly typical of a farmer’s wife, in 1802 she began a year-long lecture tour
about her experiences—the first woman in America to do so—sometimes
dressing in full military regalia.
Four years after Sampson’s death at age 66, her husband petitioned
Congress for pay as the spouse of a soldier. Although the couple was not
married at the time of her service, in 1837 the committee concluded that
the history of the Revolution “furnished no other similar example of female
heroism, fidelity and courage.” He was awarded the money, though he died
before receiving it.
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